The quality and availability of healthcare in Kenya vary tremendously, depending on location, hospital, and treatment required. In general, expats find healthcare throughout Kenya to be below European standards. We advise foreigners to look at private healthcare options and to look into the speciality areas of each hospital, as these are usually better than public facilities.

As is the case elsewhere in the world, private healthcare in Kenya is considerably more expensive than the country's public healthcare. Most expats are willing to pay a higher price in exchange for better quality healthcare with shorter waiting times.

Shipping to Kenya by air, sea or land can be a long and expensive process. It may be cheaper and more efficient to check smaller items as excess luggage, as certain concessions may be granted, though prices differ from airline to airline. 

Expats looking for accommodation in Kenya may prefer to find a property that is already fully furnished, rather than go through the hassle of shipping and removals. That said, turnkey homes are more expensive than unfurnished properties and more difficult to find so, either way, costs will be incurred. 

Shipping and duty costs for Kenya sometimes make it cheaper to buy items after arriving. Most furniture, household goods and electronics are inexpensive and readily available. 

New arrivals that opt for shipping and removals to Kenya should be aware of customs regulations, and we recommend enlisting the services of a professional moving or relocation company.

Customs and import duties in Kenya

All items imported into Kenya, whether by airline freight or shipping, must be cleared through KRA (Kenya Revenue Authority) customs officials on arrival and the appropriate import taxes must be paid. Customs duties are assessed based on the value of the item, determined by customs officials. Generally, the more expensive the item, the higher the duty.

Although all goods are subject to customs duty, passengers fit into different 'passenger categories' which determines the concessions they are entitled to. For example, Category A passengers are Kenyan residents who have resided outside of Kenya for an extended time. They may be entitled to duty-free imports or reduced taxes on clothing apparel, personal and household items, and one motor vehicle. There are also specific regulations and entitlements for tourists and visitors staying in Kenya for up to three months (Category B), as well as other Kenyan residents (Category C).

For most passengers, there is a general concession of USD 500 for household goods and items used for personal use, though this amount is subject to change.
 
Some classifications of items must be declared, while there are restrictions on others and some be altogether prohibited. Currency exceeding USD 10,000 must be declared at the port of entry, as well as items intended for resale or business purposes. Among the restricted items are animal traps capable of killing or capturing game animals as well as drones. Motor vehicles older than eight years are not allowed to be imported into Kenya.

In a move towards environmental protection, plastic bags have also been banned in Kenya. This must be noted by expats wishing to import products into Kenya as well as any traveller visiting the country.

The list of both restricted and prohibited items extends further, though this is subject to change. We recommend that expats hire a relocation company familiar with the latest regulations and equipped with the latest technology and resources to ensure a swift and seamless process.

Shipping pets to Kenya

Kenya does not quarantine dogs and cats moving with their owners, provided that all stipulated conditions are met with regard to required documentation, vaccination and microchipping. Generally, pets must be accompanying a passenger on board. Pets must also have the relevant pet passport as identification and be accompanied by a health certificate from an authorised vet. 

For more details on bringing a furry family member into Kenya, expats are advised to contact a company that specialises in pet relocations.

Safety in Kenya is a concern for many residents and new arrivals. Crime is, undeniably, an issue, especially in Kenya’s larger cities of Nairobi and Mombasa. Still, with the necessary precautions and a bit of common sense, expats should be able to live a safe life in Kenya.

The greatest concern for most expats living in Kenya is safety on the roads. The behaviour of local drivers is often reckless and traffic accidents are common.

Expats who want to go on safari and see and do things in Kenya should be aware of the risks when viewing wildlife, especially on foot. Most visitors to national parks and game reserves encounter no issues, but all should follow the guidance and instructions of the park.

In many cases, expats who are aware of safety issues in Kenya can take the necessary actions to limit the danger and have a comfortable expat experience.

As a vibrant and diverse country, culture shock in Kenya can come in many different forms. Some new arrivals find living in Kenya quite difficult to adjust to, often choosing to live entirely enclosed within an expat circle, rarely straying from their compounds. This tends to further intensify one's sense of isolation.

Other expats don't find the culture differences intimidating at all, and are instead inspired by the friendly and open nature of Kenyans who generally have a welcoming and helpful attitude towards foreigners. There are also expat groups in the large cities such as Nairobi and Mombasa that help facilitate the assimilation process. These organisations arrange social gatherings including lunch dates and sporting events. Expats should contact their embassy or consulate to find out more about local expat clubs.

New arrivals to Kenya will likely face various forms of culture shock and there may be lifestyle differences in Nairobi compared to Mombasa and other coastal towns, as well as elsewhere in the country.

There are multiple ethnic groups (the well known Maasai people being one) and religions in the country. So, those interested in local and traditional cultural practices will find much to explore. Whatever the culture shock, expats will settle in quicker by being patient and open to learning and understanding the way things are done.

Inequality in Kenya

Expats in Kenya are privy to luxurious houses, shop at modern malls and drive comfortable cars. This does make the expat experience relatively insulated, and quite different to the average Kenyan's experience.

New arrivals are often shocked at the disparity between the haves and have-nots. Wealthy Kenyans drive luxury vehicles, own palatial homes and operate with an abundance of resources. There is also a growing lower-middle class that enjoys a comfortable but modest lifestyle.

Still, a large proportion of Kenyans live below the poverty line, visible in rural areas and cities alike. The poor live in densely populated communities in and around cities, lacking essential resources such as proper clean water, sanitation, electricity and educational facilities. This stark inequality can be a cause for culture shock and cannot be ignored.

Language barrier in Kenya

English-speaking expats will be relieved to find that they won’t struggle with much of a language barrier in Kenya. English is one of the country's two official languages, and while Swahili is the first language of many Kenyans, there's widespread English proficiency, particularly in cities. Many also speak an additional region-specific language.

The reduced language barrier makes expat adjustment to life in Kenya much smoother especially in doing business or making friends.

Traffic and road conditions in Kenya

Expats in Kenya will soon get used to sitting in traffic and being surrounded by hawkers, who sell everything from newspapers and magazines to car accessories. Maps, phone chargers, toys, bananas, sunglasses and art are just a few of the things on offer. While the constant pressure to buy things can be annoying, expats will soon learn to tolerate these vendors and gently encourage them to move on.

Public transport options in Kenya are somewhat limited. Driving in Kenya isn't always easy, so expats are advised to hire a local driver, but those who opt to get behind the wheel should drive defensively at all times. 

Corruption and bureaucracy in Kenya

The economic disparities in Kenya are symptoms of a bigger problem. Corruption and mismanagement of public funds have long been a problem, and expats may come across instances of solicited bribery even in their day-to-day lives.

When dealing with visas, work permits, paperwork and driving licences, expats are sure to find the inevitable delays extremely frustrating. It's often necessary to hire a qualified agent to deal with matters such as these. Achieving the desired results is sometimes impossible without their help.

One of Kenya's many drawcards is its low cost of living. Mercer's Cost of Living Survey for 2023 ranked Nairobi 173rd out of 227 cities evaluated, making it more affordable than Maputo, Mozambique (159th) and Hanoi, Vietnam (156th).

Nevertheless, new arrivals need to remember that amenities such as private healthcare, international schools, and comfortable homes can tremendously inflate the cost of living in Kenya. Expats will also find themselves having to account for additional living expenses they wouldn't incur back home, such as the cost of clean drinking water and a security guard or driver.

Fortunately, many expats find that their employment contracts cover some of the heftiest expenses. For instance, the company may provide an allowance for accommodation, transport and international school fees. Expats should try their best to negotiate these benefits into their expat packages where possible.

Cost of accommodation in Kenya

Accommodation will likely be the most significant expense for expats living in Kenya. Most expats opt to rent as they have a fixed-term contract and don't intend to settle in the country long term. Rent in cities like Nairobi and Mombasa will be higher than in rural locations.

Security is a key concern when choosing where to live, and this must be factored into the cost of accommodation. Most expats opt to live in a secure, gated community, which can cost as much as property in Europe. Note that rental costs in safe expat areas are much higher.

Cost of groceries in Kenya

It often comes as a surprise to new arrivals in Kenya that the cost of food and essential housing products is relatively high. This is because many of these goods are imported and highly taxed.

There are several supermarket chains where shoppers can buy anything from dairy products to mattresses, furniture, alcohol and electronics. Many imported food products such as cheeses, jams, chocolates, oils and pasta can also be found.

Buying local produce is the best way to save money on groceries in Kenya. Because of the country's favourable climate, expats will find that fruit and vegetables sold at local markets are always good quality and are far cheaper than in a supermarket.

Cost of transport in Kenya

Although public transport in Kenya is incredibly cheap, many expats don't use it as it's usually uncomfortable and inefficient. 

When it comes to getting around Kenya, most expats will hire or buy a car and find a local driver. That said, buying a car can be expensive. A four-wheel drive is also the best option for those wanting to travel domestically in Kenya, but it will be pricier than a regular vehicle.  

Cost of entertainment and eating out in Kenya

There's no shortage of options when it comes to eating out in Kenyan cities. Most Western restaurants are located in expat areas and serve dishes made with imported ingredients, so prices are higher. For expats who are keen to try local Kenyan foods, plenty of establishments can be found selling generous portions for next to nothing.

The nightlife and entertainment scene in Kenya's big cities is growing, with modern clubs and bars constantly popping up. Entrance fees and drinks can make a night out an expensive endeavour. Expats looking to enjoy a local beer will find there are plenty of small bars throughout Kenya where they can have a drink while watching the sunset.

Cost of healthcare in Kenya

While public health facilities are available, many expats choose private hospitals and clinics. The quality and standard of care are often better in private facilities, but this does come at a cost.

It is highly recommended for expats to arrange health insurance for themselves and their families, as private healthcare costs can add up quickly without it.

Cost of education in Kenya

Of course, families moving to Kenya from abroad will have much to think about regarding their children's education. Although public schooling is free, they will likely prefer the standard of education offered at private or international schools.

International school fees can be exorbitant but the facilities and teaching standards offered are fantastic, so parents will have to decide if it is worth the cost. Fortunately, private schools offer some financial relief as they have better resources and great teaching standards, although at a lower rate than international schools. Fees vary between schools, so parents are encouraged to visit a few schools before making a final decision. 

Cost of living in Kenya chart

Prices may vary depending on the product and service provider. The list below shows average prices for Nairobi in May 2023.

Kenya’s public transport infrastructure is underdeveloped. Unless one has lots of time on their hands, travelling by train or intercity bus isn't an option. New arrivals will become accustomed to seeing local Kenyans packed into a matatu or using tuk-tuks or motorcycle taxis to get around. Although using these might be an experience, they're generally unsafe or uncomfortable.

Still, there are other options available. For everyday travel, expats mainly drive or hire a local driver who is familiar with the area and Kenyan driving norms. When it comes to travelling nationally, domestic airlines are the most practical way of getting from A to B.

Whether visiting on vacation or looking to settle down for the long term, most travellers will require a visa to enter Kenya. The type of visa required will depend on the reasons for being in the country. 

Countries such as South Africa, Zambia and Botswana don't need to apply for short-term visas; expats can check the eVisa website for a full list of countries exempted from or eligible to apply for a visa to Kenya.

There are three main options: obtaining a visa upon entering the country; applying for an eVisa online at least seven days before departing; or applying in person at a Kenyan diplomatic mission or embassy.

The latter is not recommended for tourist visas as it takes more time and effort than the other options. The eVisa process is best for short stays, while long-term stays and work permits are best done by contacting the nearest high commission or embassy.

For temporary visits to Kenya, there are three main types of eVisas: single-entry visas, transit visas and courtesy visas. Single-entry visas include visas for tourists, medical reasons, business visits and family visits. 

Transit visas are only necessary for visitors who have a connecting flight from Kenya to another country within 72 hours and wish to leave the airport. Diplomatic, official and service passport holders will be issued a free courtesy visa to Kenya, provided they hold an official letter documenting their affairs.

Before travelling, we recommend that expats check the required pre-travel vaccinations, including against yellow fever, and other healthcare matters.

Tourist visas for Kenya

Most foreigners require a tourist visa to visit Kenya, though citizens of select countries are allowed visa-free entry. 

Tourist visas are a type of single-entry visa for Kenya. They are valid for three months before travel and may be extended for another three months (90 days). Visitors must normally apply for renewal at the immigration headquarters in Nairobi.

Tourist visas for Kenya generally require a travel itinerary detailing the places to be visited, any hotel bookings or proof of accommodation, a valid passport and a return ticket.

Business visas for Kenya

Similar to tourist visas, business visas are valid for 90 days, with a possible 90-day extension. These are suitable for expats who only plan on staying a few months. Documentation proving the purpose of business must be provided, such as an invitation letter from the appropriate company.

Family visit visas for Kenya

The third type of single-entry visa for Kenya is one for family members. Expats who wish to invite family members to join them for a few months can investigate this option. Under this particular type of family visit visa, only one entry is allowed and necessary letters of invitation and visas of the host must be supplied.

Work and residence permits for Kenya

Any non-Kenyan wishing to remain in the country for longer than six months must obtain what is known as a Work/Residence Permit before arriving in Kenya. 

There are multiple classes and categories of work permits and residency options. Expats applying solo will need to do extensive research to find out which class is suitable to them. We recommend contacting the nearest embassy for the most up-to-date information. Additionally, what takes the weight off one’s shoulders is hiring a relocation company to handle the visa, work permit and immigration affairs.

*Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Kenyan embassies

• Kenyan Embassy, Washington DC, United States: +1 202 387 6101 

• Kenyan High Commission, London, United Kingdom: +44 20 7636 2371

• Kenyan Emassy, Dublin, Ireland: +353 1 613 6380

• Kenyan High Commission, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 563 1773

• Kenyan High Commission, Canberra, Australia (also responsible for New Zealand): +61 2 6247 4788

• Kenyan High Commission, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 12 362 2249

Foreign embassies in Kenya

• United States Embassy, Nairobi: +254 20 363 6000

• British High Commission, Nairobi: +254 20 287 3000

• Canadian High Commission, Nairobi: +254 20 366 3000 

• Australian High Commission, Nairobi: +254 20 427 7100

• South African High Commission, Nairobi: +254 20 282 7100

• Consulate of Ireland, Nairobi: +254 20 513 5300

Education is highly valued in Kenya, with many families making huge sacrifices to send their children to school. The education system has undergone significant changes over time, and expats can choose between public, private and international schools.

Public primary and secondary schools in Kenya are free of charge, but the lack of funding in many schools means a shortage of qualified teachers and limited resources, particularly in rural or impoverished areas. While there are some good government schools in Kenya, especially in major cities, most expats rather opt to enrol their children in private or international schools, which tend to be less disruptive to a child’s education, especially if they're only in Kenya for a short time.

Public schools in Kenya

The standard Kenyan education system consists of eight years of primary school, four years of secondary school and four years of university education. 

With the introduction of this system, public school students who complete their primary education receive the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) and those who complete their secondary schooling receive the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE).

There are no fees for primary and secondary education but additional expenses such as uniforms, lunches and stationery are usually required. 

Kenyan education is split into: kindergarten (ages 4 to 5); primary school (ages 6 to 14); secondary school – academic or technical and trade schools (ages 14 to 18); and university (age 18 and older).

After primary school, high-performing students can attend national secondary schools, though provincial schools are also available. At secondary level, students can attend an academic school or a technical and trade school. 

Academic schools offer a broad scope of subjects grouped into languages, sciences, applied sciences, humanities, creative arts and technical subjects. Kenyan public schools have varying capacities, impacting their resources and what subjects they offer. Still, the core subjects are English, Kiswahili and maths. The language of instruction is English, though Swahili is taken as a compulsory subject throughout primary and secondary schools.

Technical secondary schools give students a more practical approach to learning, preparing them for the workforce. Regardless of the type of school (academic or technical), all secondary school graduates are eligible for university, depending on their grades.

Private schools in Kenya

Private schools in Kenya are a good option, especially for expats from the UK as their systems are similar. The standard of education at Kenya's private schools is superior to its public schools, mainly because of additional funding. Costs vary from one school to another, but basic private education is still cheaper than sending a child to an international school.

Private schools have greater flexibility in the choice of curriculum. Some have religious affiliations and many follow Kenya’s national curriculum. International schools are a type of private school but these follow curricula from around the world.

International schools in Kenya

There is a good range of international schools in Kenya, especially in the capital, Nairobi. Expats living in Kenya will find many schools that follow the British curriculum, partially because of the country's historical links with the UK.

To accommodate the growing expat community, there are also schools offering the globally-recognised International Baccalaureate or the curricula of countries such as France, Germany, Sweden, America and the Netherlands.

The standard of education in international schools in Kenya is high, with qualified and experienced teachers and greater attention paid to students. Students also have the opportunity to participate in a wide assortment of extra-curricular activities, including sports, drama and music. 

On the downside, fees are high. On top of basic school fees, expat parents will need to budget for extra expenses such as textbooks, stationery, school uniforms and field trips. Some schools also provide a boarding option, which again comes at additional cost.

Expats working in Kenya who want to send their child to an international school should budget accordingly and try to negotiate an allowance for school fees into their employment package.

Nurseries in Kenya

Expat parents with young children in Kenya will discover a large pool of nurseries and kindergartens to select from, especially in large cities such as Nairobi and Mombasa. 

Early education is widely agreed to be fundamental for a child's development. Some nurseries and childcare centres are attached to larger international schools and some follow a Montessori-style approach, though expats should bear in mind that some come with heavy fees.

Overall, one of the largest factors determining which nursery to select is its location and its proximity to an expat's accommodation and/or workplace. Nurseries are also great spaces for parents to meet and make friends with other expats and parents.

Homeschooling in Kenya

Kenyan law is not clear regarding homeschooling and there is no standard process to follow. Still, this hasn’t stopped determined parents. More and more families believe the mainstream education system is not suited to them and is either under-resourced on the one end or prohibitively expensive on the other.

Social media is one of the best ways to reach out to the homeschooling community in Kenya. Social activities for kids can be organised, and parents can find the necessary information and network easily.

Parents can choose a curriculum that works best for them, and some may register their children to take a national or international exam, often at an international or private school to be under the school’s invigilation.

Tutors in Kenya

Whether children are homeschooled or attend a mainstream school in Kenya, extra classes may be desired – especially during exam time. There are several online platforms for finding a tutor in Kenya, including TeacherOn and PigiaMe.

As education systems are evolving worldwide, online learning is becoming increasingly popular, and in some cases necessary, so many tutors may offer services in person and online too.

Special-needs education in Kenya

Kenya’s private and international schools are more likely than public schools to provide inclusive support for children with disabilities. Special-needs education is not well integrated with the public school system due to a lack of funding and support services.

Children with disabilities have a right to accessible and free basic education in Kenya, and there are schools dedicated to children with distinct needs and disabilities. Embassies also provide lists of recommended schools integrating and including students with learning or physical disabilities.

Expats moving to Kenya should research the private and international school options and contact them directly for information on the standard of services available. This may come in various forms, such as additional learning support sessions or specialised devices adapted for students with hearing or visual problems.

Bisected by the equator, Kenya has a mix of climate types, varying according to altitude. The hot and humid coast hosts a tropical climate, while the inland areas are characterised by a temperate inland climate. The north and northeast parts of the country are hot with dry conditions and little rain.

Seasons in Kenya are primarily distinguished by rainfall patterns with no major shift in temperature throughout the year. From March or April to May or June is the 'long rains' season, where downpours are longer and more frequent than in the 'short rains' season from October to December.

Any non-Kenyan wishing to remain in the country for longer than a six-month period needs a work residence permit, usually obtained before arriving. Work permits are often granted for one or two years, with the opportunity for renewal.

Expats hired to work in Kenya are likely to have some level of support from their employer when it comes to arranging their visa and work permit, including covering visa-related costs. Aid agencies in Kenya also assist their volunteers and employees in their visa applications. Expats starting their own business in Kenya must secure licenses and demonstrate earning potential to receive a work and business permit.

Companies in certain sectors are prioritised and allocated more work permits than others, such as telecommunications, information and communication technology, oil and gas, and exploration and production.

The application processing takes time – up to three months – so we encourage expats to start planning as early as possible. The benefit of this is that it gives more time to search for accommodation in Kenya before leaving.

After the work permit has been processed, expats will receive an Alien Card. The Alien Card allows them to register with the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) to get a tax number known as a KRA PIN.

There are various classes of work and residency permits to suit each individual's motives for settling in Kenya, covering everyone, from short-term assignees to retirees. The main permits expats require are outlined below, and are for prescribed professions (Class C), employment permits (Class D), and for trade and business (Class G).

There are also permit classes for: prospecting and mining; agriculture and animal husbandry; specific manufacturing; and religious or charitable activities.

Work permits for Kenya

Class C – Prescribed profession permits

Kenya’s immigration regulations class certain jobs as ‘prescribed professions’, which include medical professionals, legal professionals, architects, engineers, accountants and ICT experts.

Prescribed professions are those that require formal registration with a professional body or institute. 

Like with other classes of work permits, it is best that applicants seek guidance from a relocation professional and the nearest embassy. Doing this means expats know exactly which category to apply for and what is needed from them.

Class D – Employment permits

This permit covers those who are moving to Kenya for a specific job for a single employer. This permit is intended for expats who have skills and qualifications that may not be available in the local workforce and that will benefit the country.

Work permit applicants with a job already in place should consider the Class D permit. Applicants may need to submit contractual details and a cover letter signed by them and their employers, as well as their curriculum vitae and professional certificates.

Class G – Specific trade, business or consultancy permits

This permit is issued to those looking to invest in a specific trade or set up a business or consultancy in Kenya. Applicants need extensive documentation for the Class G permit, including specific details on the business or consultancy, such as capital to be invested, articles of associate and certificate of incorporation of the company.

Residence permits for Kenya

Certain work permit holders can apply for permanent residence in Kenya, along with ordinary residents who meet specific criteria and spouses of Kenyan citizens.

Permanent residence for work permit holders

Expats who have held work permits for at least seven years – and have resided continuously in Kenya for three years can apply for permanent residency, labelled as Category B.

Permanent residence for spouses of Kenyan citizens

Spouses of Kenyan nationals who have been married for at least three years are entitled to apply for permanent residency.

Class K – Ordinary residents permits

This type of permit, Class K, is for ‘ordinary residents’ above the age of 35 and is highly exclusive and limited to more wealthy applicants.

Applicants with a guaranteed annual income and those who do not need to take up employment in Kenya may consider this permit. If holders of a Class K permit wish to work they must investigate further options.

*Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Expats moving to Kenya, especially those who are unsure of what to expect, will be pleasantly surprised by the range and quality of accommodation available. European expats, in particular, can look forward to finding accommodation that's more spacious than anything they'd be able to find back home.

Though many expats buy property in Kenya, those who only plan to relocate short term are more likely to rent. Regardless of buying or renting, we recommend expats do their research on all relevant leasing and property law.

Types of accommodation in Kenya

Most expats initially opt for renting a property in Kenya. There's a wide spectrum of properties available, including standalone houses on big plots located away from city centres, garden cottages, maisonettes and villas. Downtown apartment blocks and housing units in townhouse complexes are also available and are popular types of accommodation in Nairobi.

Freestanding houses

Freestanding houses are popular among expat families relocating to Kenya, either to rent or buy. Some of these come with large gardens and entertainment areas, but they don't come cheap. Some freestanding homes may be simple or small bungalows while others are more luxurious and modern multi-storey buildings.

Apartment blocks

As with most major world cities, apartments abound in Kenya’s large urban areas, with both high-rise apartment blocks and secure smaller flats and townhouses. Apartments generally suit young and single expats who hope to rent short term. They are also less maintenance than a house, with apartment managers handling the general upkeep. 

Gated complexes and estates

Gated complexes or estates are one of the most common types of expat accommodation in Kenya. Safe and securely walled in, these shared complexes offer houses and flats, as well as shared amenities and facilities such as swimming pools. Accommodation in these estates is often arranged by an expat's employer.

Furnished vs unfurnished

Accommodation in Kenya comes with varying levels of furnishings. Some property types, such as apartments, are more likely to come fully furnished, which is quite popular, though pricey. Most other types of properties across the country come semi-furnished or unfurnished. 

Shipping furniture to Kenya can be a lengthy, costly and maddening process, so it's often far easier to purchase furniture once settled in the country. However, this approach also has its shortcomings as imported furniture is notoriously expensive and locally made articles vary widely in quality. The bottom line is that furnishing a house is another budgetary factor that demands serious consideration.

Finding accommodation in Kenya

Expats looking for accommodation in Kenya should refer to online property portals, such as Property24, BuyRentKenya and PigiaMe. These will give a rough rundown of areas and suburbs and prices, and is a good starting point. This can easily be done long before leaving one’s home country, helping potential expats plan out their budget. Social media platforms and listings in local newspapers are also useful resources.

Real-estate agents are an even more helpful resource when hunting for a place to stay in Kenya. Well informed about the market, they can present expats with a bouquet of options to match their desires and financial requirements. They will also oversee the leasing process, which unburdens expats of much of the paperwork associated with relocating.

Renting accommodation in Kenya

Accommodation in Kenya can be costly, and expats may be responsible for financing these premises themselves, without the assistance of an employer. This makes rental accommodation a significant monthly expense. Expats working in Kenya are advised to negotiate that their employment contract contains at least some kind of provision for a housing stipend, which is common practice in the country.

Leases

New arrivals looking to rent in Kenya must be aware of the tenancy laws and what a rental contract entails, including the fine print. We recommend expat tenants scrutinise their lease and enlist the services of an estate agent or a specialist familiar with property law in Kenya. 

Expats staying short term may prefer a tenancy agreement that is flexible and that ranges between three months and two years. Foreign residents staying longer can negotiate to extend and renew their lease.

Although leases and tenancy agreements in Kenya largely favour the landlord, there are restrictions on rent increments. Landlords cannot increase the amount charged within the first 12 months that a tenant has rented the property nor within 12 months of their previous rental increase.

Deposits

Deposits in Kenya often equate to three months’ rent, though some landlords may only ask for one month's rent. This amount may be used to cover property and furniture damages caused by a tenant, although landlords are responsible for general repairs and basic wear and tear.

Deposits are refundable after the end date of the lease. Laws regarding deposits are unclear, and tenants who terminate a lease early may still need to wait till the end date on their original agreement to receive their deposit refund. If an expat wishes to terminate their lease early, they must give enough notice; similarly, landlords cannot evict their tenants without giving notice.

Utilities

Utility bills are not usually included in rental prices and are at an additional cost to tenants. Expats should be prepared to pay for their electricity and internet.

Home safety and security costs

Home safety is a concern in Kenya, as it would be in any country with such social inequality. Most expat accommodation in Kenya has security measures in place or, if not, they can easily be installed. A typical security package will include stationed guards or night watchmen, motion-sense outdoor lighting, burglar bars on the windows, panic buttons and night-time intruder alarms. This may seem overwhelming at first, but with these measures in place, many tenants report that they feel safe in their homes in Kenya.

Safer still are townhouse complexes. Known as gated communities or estates, access is controlled by security guards at a boom gate, which is only opened to allow residents and their visitors to come and go.

Note that expats renting a private standalone house may bear the brunt of these costs unless it is included in an employment contract. In gated estates, security systems may be included as part of the rent.

Kenya is one of the most interesting and exciting expat destinations, but organising the move can be an intimidating process, with relocation, immigration and cultural barriers to overcome. This is where relocation businesses come in.

Relocation companies take an individualised approach based on the moving needs of their clients. This full suite of services includes immigration and visa services, school research and selection, home-finding services, lease negotiation and utility hook-ups.  Relocation firms can also also offer neighbourhood orientation and various settling-in services for those arriving in Kenya

Here is a list of some relocation companies that can assist any move to or from Kenya.

Relocation companies in Kenya

Local companies

International companies

	Crown Relocations Crown Relocations provides transportation, destination and immigration services, as well as family support, including as school search and pet relocation, to assist people relocating to Kenya. With experts working in Nairobi, they provide the support, guidance, care and the personal attention needed to ensure a successful and seamless move. Website: www.crownrelo.com
	Santa Fe Relocation Santa Fe Relocation has over 50 years of experience providing comprehensive relocation services to both corporate and individual clients relocating to Kenya. As an international firm, Santa Fe Relocation has a strong understanding of what is required in a move and caters for a full spectrum of needs. Website: www.santaferelo.com

If expats are to make a success of doing business in Kenya they'll need to bring a few things to the boardroom table, as it were: patience, respect for cultural differences, and an ability to build personal relationships. 

Foreigners who've done well working in Kenya have realised there's little that can be done to avoid the corruption and ethnic division that undermine the country's economy. For those who can navigate the red tape and pitfalls, Kenya presents a dynamic business opportunity with its desire to expand the IT, e-commerce and telecoms sector and make its mark in today's digital world.

Here are some aspects of business culture to consider when working in Kenya.

The thought of moving to Kenya may conjure images of magical landscapes and rare wildlife, but it's also a place of cosmopolitan cities that are drawing more and more expats. 

Living in Kenya as an expat

Kenya may not be considered a popular expat destination, especially by Westerners, but this is slowly changing as the country is starting to be viewed as a viable destination for working expats looking to raise a family in a safe though exciting and culturally-diverse environment.

Nairobi is widely considered as the hub for business and development in eastern Africa and offers an exciting lifestyle. Many expats working in Kenya find themselves employed as highly-paid managers in multinational companies, embassy staff or as development and NGO employees and volunteers.

Kenya is generally a politically stable country with developed healthcare facilities, an improving public transport network and a strong education system that serves a diverse population.

That said, expat life can be insulated from Kenyan society as the fear of crime, particularly in large cities, sometimes cloisters foreigners behind the gates of housing compounds. Those who emerge from behind this curtain of fear can really enjoy the different cultures of Kenya, all of which are famously welcoming and cheerful.

Cost of living in Kenya

Kenya has a fairly gentle cost of living, but new arrivals need to remember that amenities such as private healthcare, international schools and comfortable homes can inflate the cost of living in Kenya tremendously. Expats will also likely incur additional living expenses they wouldn’t back home, such as the cost of clean drinking water and a security guard or driver. Fortunately, many expats find that their employment contracts cover some of the heftiest expenses. 

Expat families and children

Some families may find themselves longing for everyday conveniences and the familiar efficiency of home. But many also find that the luxuries Kenya has to offer, such as large houses and high expat salaries, make for a higher quality of life. Add to that Kenya's fantastic natural landscapes with its savanna grasslands, lakelands and mountains, as well as its wealth of national parks and sanctuaries, and it's no wonder expats fall in love with the country. Expats need not venture out far to experience this, as the capital city of Nairobi is home to the popular Nairobi National Park, while Mombasa affords refreshing coastal views.

Parents relocating to Kenya can rest assured that their children will have an excellent selection of excellent schools to choose from. While there are some good government schools in Kenya, especially in major cities, most expats rather opt to enrol their children in private or international schools as these generally have higher standards and students can continue in their home curriculum.

Climate in Kenya

Kenya's heat may take some getting used to, especially for those from colder climes. The coast hosts a humid, tropical climate, while the inland areas are more temperate. The north and northeast parts of the country are hot with dry conditions and little rain.

Overall, whether life in Kenya turns out to be an unwelcome posting or a grand opportunity, all expats will certainly have a truly unique and memorable experience.

Fast facts

Official name: Republic of Kenya

Population: 56.2 million

Capital city: Nairobi

Neighbouring countries: Kenya is bordered by Somalia to the northeast, Ethiopia to the north, South Sudan to the northwest, Uganda to the west, and Tanzania to the south and southwest. 

Geography: Situated on the east coast of Central Africa, Kenya has a varied geography. This ranges from low-lying plains in the east of the country to the fertile highlands of central Kenya, home to Africa's second-highest peak, Mount Kenya.

Political system: Unitary presidential constitutional republic

Major religions: Christianity and Islam

Main languages: English and Swahili

Money: The Kenyan Shilling (KES), divided into 100 cents. Expats can open a bank account in Kenya but many prefer to continue using their overseas accounts, especially if they're only in the country for a short period. ATMs are widely available in major cities.

Tipping: Tips are common for most small services, in addition to the standard 10 percent expected in restaurants. 

Time: GMT+3

Electricity: 240V 50Hz. UK-style plugs with three flat blades are used.

Internet domain: .ke

International dialling code: +254

Emergency contacts: 999

Transport and driving: While public transport is available in all of Kenya's big cities, it's not always efficient or safe. The best option is for expats to use a private vehicle and hire a driver who is familiar with the local driving conditions. Driving is on the left-hand side.

With so much to plan and consider, expats moving to Kenya are sure to have a few queries and concerns about their destination. Below we try to answer some of the most frequently asked questions about Kenya.

Do I need a car in Kenya? 

Yes. Expats will need a car to get around as public transport in Kenya is limited and sometimes unsafe. It's advisable to invest in a reliable vehicle, as breaking down can present its own safety problems. An alternative is to hire a vehicle from a rental agency. That said, there are several ways of getting around in Kenya, and the fairly new train connecting Nairobi and Mombasa called the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) is great for trips between these two cities.

Are there reliable internet service providers in Kenya?

Yes, Kenya has reliable internet, much to the relief of expats. There are many competing internet providers in Kenya and access shouldn't be a problem in the major cities.

Is my house going to be safe?

In terms of accommodation in Kenya, many expats live in gated communities and compounds. These are usually safe and often have dedicated security guards. Those living in freestanding homes will largely be responsible for their own security arrangements, and should make sure their budget can accommodate the cost of round-the-clock security measures.

While security systems and guards may be an element of culture shock for some, they can make both locals and new arrivals feel more secure in their homes. We recommend expats familiarise themselves with the main safety concerns in Kenya.

What is the healthcare like in Kenya?

The standard of healthcare in Kenya varies. Expats generally opt for private hospitals which generally offer a much higher standard of care than public facilities. We recommend expats invest in health insurance which includes cover for potential repatriation for more complicated medical procedures.

Do I need a visa to travel to Kenya?

Whether an expat needs a visa or not depends both on their country of citizenship and how long they plan on staying in Kenya. Countries such as South Africa, Zambia and Botswana don't need to apply for short-term visas. Citizens from several countries can obtain a visa on arrival at their port of entry, and others may easily apply online or through the nearest embassy. To work in Kenya, expats will need a relevant work permit.

What are schools like in Kenya?

Schools in Kenya deliver a high standard of education, and expats who can afford it generally opt for private and international schools that follow an international curriculum. It's important to research these schools in advance and make budget allowances for related school fees.

Is it expensive to live in Kenya?

An expat's expenses really depend on where they settle in Kenya and their lifestyle preferences. Expats will likely move to Nairobi, the capital city, where the cost of living is higher than elsewhere in the country, with particularly high accommodation costs. While it's not as expensive as many European expat destinations, don't be fooled into thinking everything is cheap. Still, lucrative employment packages generally make up for high costs, and it's easy to find discounts to save money. We recommend budgeting and negotiating with employees for particular benefits.

Opening a bank account is a priority for most expats relocating to Kenya. Fortunately, banking in Kenya is easy and efficient, and banks can be found in most major towns and cities.

Although the process is straightforward, certain steps and documents will be required to open a bank account, such as presenting a copy of an employment contract and proof of a local address. 

Money in Kenya

The official currency in Kenya is the Kenyan Shilling (KES), which is subdivided into 100 cents.

• Notes: KES 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000

• Coins: 50 cents (rarely used), KES 1, 5, 10 and 20

When moving to Kenya, expats will have to exchange currency for the local shillings. Money can be exchanged upon arriving in international airports, in bureaux de change and certain banks in major cities. Some hotels may offer local currency, but the rate may not be so favourable.

Banking in Kenya

Many large international banks have branches in Nairobi or have a partnership with a local bank. This can make transferring money between a home country and Kenya easier. Expats using their home banks should just inform them of their relocation.

The largest banks are Absa Bank Kenya and Standard Chartered Kenya, which are international, and KCB Bank Kenya, Co-operative Bank of Kenya and Equity Bank Kenya, which are local. All banks follow the guidelines and management issued by the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK).

It's useful to have cash on hand in Kenya. Bank card payments are common, especially with Visa and Mastercard, although some areas, markets and shops only accept cash payments.

Banking hours in Kenya are mainly from 9am to 3pm, Monday to Friday, though some banks may open earlier and close later. Banks may close earlier, around midday, on Saturdays and close on Sundays.

Opening a bank account

When opening a bank account in Kenya, one of the main things to look out for is account fees. We suggest visiting different banking websites and researching their services and account types to check if a fixed monthly amount is charged or an individual fee for each transaction.

After finding a suitable bank, visit the nearest branch in person and they will assist with setting up the account. Processing the necessary documents shouldn't take long, and within a day or so, the account should be activated.

Opening an account at any of Kenya's banks is straightforward, though required documents vary across different banking institutions. It's important to check if a Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) PIN or tax number is needed, or if a local phone number is enough. 

Expats will generally need to present identification, such as their passport, along with proof of Kenyan address. This can be a utility bill or similar statement that shows the expat's name and address.

Credit cards and ATMs

ATMs are easily found in Kenya's big cities and several banks have effective online banking services. Restaurants and shopping malls in major cities will have credit card facilities, but charges can be high. It is often better to pay with a local debit card or in cash.

Taxes in Kenya

Expats should be aware of the tax implications when working in Kenya. Kenya Revenue Authority manages all tax-related matters in the country and their website is comprehensive, offering several online services and tax guides. Still, for expats not clued up on accounting and tax processes, it’s best to enlist the services of tax specialists. As tax regulations are subject to change, these specialists will be familiar with the latest guidelines.

Income tax is on a graduated scale based on how much one earns. The rate varies at 5 percent increments from 10 to 30 percent for the highest earnings. Non-cash benefits also tend to be taxed. Expat employees regularly receive generous employment packages and have benefits such as housing, utilities, furniture, a company car and school fees of dependants. 

One of the main questions that expats have regarding tax in their host country is what it means to be considered a resident for tax purposes. In Kenya, this includes anyone with a permanent home in the country as well as those without a permanent home, but being present for at least 183 days in one tax year. It also includes residents without a permanent home, but who have resided in Kenya during the tax year and previous two years for at least 122 days a year. 

Expats considered residents for tax purposes are liable to tax on income generated both in Kenya and abroad. Non-residents are only taxed on income earned in and derived from Kenya.

Kenya has double-taxation treaties with several countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Germany and the United Arab Emirates. Expats must find out if their home country is a party to a double-taxation agreement, which exempts them from certain taxes abroad.

Getting a tax number

Expats working in Kenya and considered residents for tax purposes should obtain a tax number or KRA PIN.

Once an expat's work permit has been processed, they will receive what is called an Alien Card. This will allow them to register with the KRA and obtain a KRA PIN. Visiting the KRA website, expats will easily find instructions and an online form. They will need to provide their Alien ID card, basic information and company details. After this has been processed, expats will get their tax number.

This number can be used when filing self-assessment tax returns, due at the end of June each year. While employers are responsible for deducting from their employees’ incomes for tax, employees must submit these tax returns. For this, we recommend asking for support from a tax advisor.

The economy in Kenya has great potential for growth, benefitting from a skilled and youthful workforce, constantly improving infrastructure and its geographical location as an economic hub in East Africa. Although expats employed in Kenya have well-paid jobs, the reality on the ground can make it difficult to secure employment.

Unemployment levels remain high and poverty is a major challenge to development. Working in Kenya and earning a decent salary to afford the cost of living can prove difficult for expats who don't secure a job before arrival. Still, Kenya has one of the largest economies in sub-Saharan Africa, and expats who do their research on the job market will find a bunch of work opportunities.

Job market in Kenya

Kenya, especially Nairobi, is a major business hub. Several multinational companies have set up their African headquarters and main offices there, including Google, General Electric and Coca-Cola. Most expats who work for these multinational corporations move to Kenya on an intra-company transfer. 
 
Industry sectors most likely to employ foreigners include telecommunications, information- and communication technology, oil and gas, and exploration and production. Tourism, logistics, agriculture, construction and real estate are other key sectors that Kenya’s external investors are interested in. 

Many expatriates work for foreign embassies and consulates. The host of international schools also sees teachers coming and going as they travel and experience life in Kenya. 
 
There are also volunteer positions in Kenya with government and NGO organisations. The country is a regional hub for non-profit organisations and serves as the administrative centre for the operations of aid organisations in East Africa. 

Entrepreneurial expats may consider running their own company, and expat start-ups are thriving in Kenya. We recommend seeking professional guidance on which sectors allow foreign investment and which do not, as well as additional requirements for starting a business, including minimum start-up capital and the ratio of local Kenyan to foreign shareholders.

Finding a job in Kenya

On the whole, expats rarely show up in Kenya looking for a job but are instead relocated and transferred there or hired from overseas by a company familiar with the immigration and work visa process. These companies usually provide relocation services and support with work permit applications.

As with most job applications, an attractive CV and strong cover letter highlighting relevant qualifications and experience establish a good starting point when searching for a job in Kenya. Online job platforms, such as BrighterMonday, MyJobMag, LinkedIn and PigiaMe, are some of the best ways to find available positions and send out applications. These searches can be done from abroad or while in the country.

Directly searching a company’s website is a good idea for expats with a specific organisation in mind. Expat forums on social media can also be beneficial, as can word of mouth. Networking is probably best done from within Kenya or by knowing Kenyan businesspeople.

Work culture in Kenya

English-speaking expats doing business in Kenya should not be too worried about language barriers, as English is widely spoken as a business language. Working hours are typically 8am or 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday, although banks often close earlier.

Business culture in Kenya places emphasis on relationships, both personal and professional. We don’t advise rushing work meetings, but instead getting to know business partners and colleagues.