Although easily eclipsed by Glasgow in terms of population, Edinburgh holds its own as the capital of Scotland and is a destination beloved by tourists and expats alike. Expats moving to Edinburgh are welcomed by a city with a rich history, vibrant culture, and is blessed with postcard-pretty scenery, not to mention a booming financial services industry.

Edinburgh is situated in the southeast of Scotland, less than an hour from Glasgow by train, and a little more than four hours from London by high-speed rail. The town centre is dominated by Edinburgh Castle, situated atop Castle Rock and perched above the medieval Old Town and the Georgian New Town. To the west lies the West End district, which includes the city's financial hub.

Living in Edinburgh as an expat

As the location of the Scottish Parliament, the University of Edinburgh, and the Bank of Scotland, Edinburgh is home to many of the country’s political, legal, educational, and financial leaders. Expats aiming to work in Edinburgh should be prepared to enter a highly skilled workforce, as most employees have some level of tertiary education.

The city is a pedestrian-friendly mosaic of open green space, intermixed with the cobbled alleyways of Old Town and the wide Georgian avenues of New Town. An easy-to-use public transport system connects nearby suburbs, and even makes the coasts and countryside accessible for a quick weekend break.

The lifestyle in Edinburgh also offers expats a great deal of shopping and dining out experiences. As a university city, Edinburgh has plenty of affordable and fun nightlife options. Those looking for a more relaxed atmosphere are sure to enjoy the numerous comedy bars and theatres dotted around the city.

Cost of living in Edinburgh

When compared with other major expat hubs such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and New York, the Scottish capital's cost of living is rather reasonable. Although one of the more expensive cities to live in the UK, Edinburgh is comfortably more affordable than London. Accommodation in the city is pricey, and expats will have to ensure their salary is high enough to bear the cost if they are to live comfortably.

Families and children in Edinburgh

Expats can take comfort in a reputable state-funded healthcare system, and those moving with children will be delighted to know that Edinburgh has a free, world-class education system. 

There is also plenty for families to see and do in their leisure time, including picnics in the many lovely green spaces dotted around the city, hikes in its hills, and many spectacular museums, theatres and other entertainment.

Climate in Edinburgh

One element that expats can struggle to adapt to is the consistent grim winter weather, when shortened days, sparse sunlight, and high winds and rainfall can make for melancholic moods. Most expats report that they get used to the grey skies after a while, but new arrivals should be prepared as their first, long winter may come as a bit of a shock to the system.

Still, with a full event calendar and an impressive selection of pubs to help take the nip out of the winter air, expats moving to Edinburgh can look forward to embracing a high quality of life in the Scottish capital.

Edinburgh has a temperate, maritime climate which is relatively mild considering the city's northern latitude, but may still frustrate new expats with plenty of cold, rain, wind, and fog year round. As in the rest of the UK, the weather in Edinburgh is unpredictable, with sunny summer days sometimes rapidly changing into damp, showery bleakness or vice versa.

Summers can be pleasant, with mild temperatures and plenty of sunshine, although days can start out misty. The average temperatures in summer, between June and August, range between 49°F (9°C) and 66°F (19°C). 

Winters are long, damp, and frosty. The winter months of December, January, and February are the rainiest (although rain is likely in any season), but snow is infrequent. The average winter temperatures range from 34°F (1°C) to 45°F (7°C).

Active expats will want to get in their outdoor exploits during spring and summer, between April and August, as the rest of the year tends to be less conducive to an active lifestyle.

Nestled among the hills, Edinburgh is famed for its historic castles, the winding streets of Old Town and the Georgian splendour of New Town. Though Scotland’s capital city is picturesque, the city does have some downsides to go with its many upsides. Expats moving to Edinburgh will need to weigh these up before moving.

Below are some of our pros and cons of living in Edinburgh.

Accommodation in Edinburgh

+ PRO: Historic homes throughout the city

Edinburgh’s rich history can be seen just about everywhere, houses included. Some of the city’s tenements date back to the 1700s. There are also plenty of modern apartments available for those who prefer a more contemporary style.

- CON: Expensive and often small apartments in the best areas

With good accommodation options in constant demand, rental listings can come and go in the blink of an eye. Prices can be high in the best areas. Although there are many grand, spacious apartments and townhouses in Edinburgh’s New Town, you might struggle to find something affordable. In this part of town, cheaper usually means tiny. 

Lifestyle in Edinburgh

+ PRO: Beautiful city with a long history

While the exact year of Edinburgh’s founding isn’t known, historians estimate it was around 600 AD. As a result, there are plenty of age-old cultural attractions in the city. The most prominent is Edinburgh Castle, a distinct feature of the city’s skyline, which began as a hill fortress during the Iron Age.

+ PRO: Stunning green spaces, hills and countryside

Edinburgh has more than 100 parks and more than half a million trees. Naturally, this makes the city an excellent spot for outdoorsy expats. Even those who prefer to stay indoors are sure to appreciate how green and lush the city is year-round.

+ PRO: Lots of festivals

Edinburgh is a hub of activity, especially when it comes to arts and culture. The city is home to the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, famous for being the largest arts festival in the world. There's also the Edinburgh International Festival, which sees performing artists from all over converge on the city for three weeks.

Cost of living in Edinburgh

- CON: High cost of living

Living in Edinburgh is good value compared to living in London, but it is by no means a cheap place to live, especially if expats intend to live in central areas. Although this can be mitigated by house sharing or living further out in the suburbs, accommodation will take up most of an expat’s budget. 

Compared to other major Scottish cities, Edinburgh is generally cheaper than Aberdeen but slightly pricier than Glasgow, especially when it comes to rental prices.

+ PRO: Free activities

Despite the high cost of living, there are many ways to enjoy the city on a budget. Almost all museums allow free entry, with a donation being optional. There's also an abundance of free outdoor pursuits to enjoy, such as hiking up Arthur's Seat.

Weather in Edinburgh

- CON: Cold and rainy

Like much of the UK, Edinburgh's weather can be unpleasant. Rain is frequent throughout the year and the sun is rarely seen during the winter months.

Healthcare in Edinburgh

+ PRO: Access to the NHS

Expats can rest easy when it comes to accessing high-quality healthcare in Edinburgh. One of the major benefits of moving anywhere in the UK is gaining access to the National Health Service (NHS). In Scotland, all appointments, prescriptions, and hospital visits are fully funded.

- CON: Long waiting times

As is the case throughout the UK, waiting times for appointments via the NHS can be long. This can be circumvented by opting for private treatment, which tends to be pricey. Expats taking this route should invest in comprehensive health insurance.

Education in Edinburgh

+ PRO: Education highly valued

Home to three excellent universities, Edinburgh’s rich history of education is still very much evident today. There are plenty of good options for every stage of education, from nursery school to doctorate level.

- CON: Catchment areas for public schools

Public schooling in Edinburgh is based on catchment areas, meaning that children are given priority admission to a school within their area. The best public schools tend to be in more expensive areas. While it's possible for a child to apply to attend a school outside their catchment zone, they will not have priority entry and aren’t guaranteed a place.

Getting around in Edinburgh

+ PRO: Small, walkable and easy to navigate

Edinburgh is a compact city with a good public transport system, so most expats won’t need a car. Walking or cycling is a popular way of getting around, and the city’s plentiful landmarks and grid layout make navigation an easy task. 

The prospect of working in Edinburgh attracts professionals from across the UK and beyond, all seeking work in one of the city's strong industries. With a GDP second only to London's, Edinburgh continues to be highly sought after by professionals eager to start a business or take their career to the next level.

Several of Edinburgh's key industries include financial and business services, renewable energy, electronic technology, and a highly successful life sciences sector.

Job market in Edinburgh

Two of the city's major employers are the University of Edinburgh and the Royal Bank of Scotland, so expats with applicable skills and experience would do well to start their search here. These two entities not only provide opportunities but also paint an accurate picture of an Edinburgh economy that takes pride in its financial services and education sectors.

The city's science and technology sector is also quite robust and has the potential to attract highly skilled foreign nationals interested in working in Edinburgh.

On the other end of the spectrum is a thriving tourism and hospitality industry, along with a selection of creative industries that hinge on the annual Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Though formal positions in these sectors may be limited, there are many informal jobs that appeal to younger, less experienced expats seeking a cultural experience rather than a leg up on the career ladder.

Finding a job in Edinburgh

Most expats relocating to Edinburgh for work purposes arrive with a job in hand, and we recommend doing the same if possible. Those who arrive in Edinburgh still on the hunt for a job should keep tabs on the recruitment pages and the business news in the Scottish press. Recruitment agencies, social networking sites and online job portals may also help find work. 

Networking is important, and making connections through professional platforms such as LinkedIn can boost an expat's chances of being noticed.

Useful links

• Reed 
• Indeed

Work culture in Edinburgh

Scots are known for their sharp wit, and expats will likely experience some of this in the workplace too. That said, it's usually good-natured and business dealings are incredibly diplomatic, with maximum effort directed at remaining considerate and civil. 

Individualism is highly valued in Britain, including Scotland, so expats should anticipate working among competitive and ambitious colleagues. Experience and performance are the foundations for advancement in the working world, and those in management positions tend to be well rounded.

A traditional hierarchy is still important in business, even though it's moved towards a more egalitarian approach, where positions are more or less parallel rather than existing below or above one another.

Business Culture in the UK

Finding accommodation in Edinburgh will naturally be a top priority for newly arrived expats. Those fresh off the plane need not lose much sleep over the issue, though, as there's a wide variety of housing available, with something to suit everyone's lifestyle and pocket.

Edinburgh is rather compact and has a reliable and easy-to-use transportation system, so proximity to work need not be a major concern when choosing where to live. That said, an expat family with children who will be attending a state-sponsored school will be bound by catchment areas and should find out which areas are associated with the best educational institutions.

Areas and suburbs in Edinburgh

With 13 distinct neighbourhoods, Edinburgh has a lot to offer. One of the city's trendiest areas is Leith. Many young professionals and single expats base themselves here to access the many wonderful restaurants, bars, and cafés. Not far from Leith is Dean Village, a sought-after suburb located a few minutes from the city centre and perched along the Water of Leith.

Expat families moving to Edinburgh will love Portobello's gorgeous sandy beaches and recreational activities to entertain the children. Corstorphine is a former village that boasts a strong sense of community and exceptional schools, which makes it attractive to families. The neighbourhood is located a little further from the city centre but has excellent transport links, including access to the airport bus.

Newington is a popular neighbourhood among students, young professionals and families alike. The suburb is home to the University of Edinburgh and is chock full of recreational amenities to suit all preferences. To top it off, Newington is a short walk from the Meadows children's play park and tennis courts.

Types of accommodation in Edinburgh

A wide range of accommodation types is available in Edinburgh, many of which have fascinating histories. You'll find Georgian, Victorian, and Edwardian architecture here.

The densest forms of accommodation are found in the city centre, where space comes at a premium. Tenements are easy to find here and can date back as far as the 1600s. These multi-storey dwellings have a shared stairway entrance with multiple units on each floor. Other typical tenement features include large rooms, high ceilings, and bay windows.

Colony housing, which is unique to Edinburgh, was built from the mid-1800s. Traditional colony housing consists of a row of connected units split into two horizontal levels. The upper level is accessed by an outer staircase on one side of the building, and the lower level is accessed at ground level on the other side. This unique layout allows both floors to have their own garden.

There are also modern apartments (flats) throughout the city, many of which are stylish luxury builds. Other options include terraced housing (a row of houses attached side by side) and semi-detached housing (a single house divided in two with one shared wall). Those looking for more space should consider fully detached houses. These are larger single-family properties which have their own gardens.

Finding accommodation in Edinburgh

We'd recommend that expats arrange short-term accommodation for their arrival in Edinburgh to give themselves a place to stay while house hunting.

For first-time Edinburgh renters, contacting a letting agency will likely be the best way to start. Agents can advise on which districts would be most suitable and provide a more in-depth look at rental options in Edinburgh. Expats should keep in mind that letting agencies will only show properties they have listed in their portfolio, so be sure to visit several. 

Alternatively, available properties can be found by browsing online property sites.

Useful links

• S1homes
• Rightmove
• Zoopla

Renting accommodation in Edinburgh

Making an application

Once you've found your ideal home, you'll need to submit an application. This should include documents proving your identity, copies of bank statements or payslips, and your previous landlord's contact details for reference checks. In some cases, a guarantor may be required. Note that while expats may be asked to show their passport for identity verification, they are not required to show proof of a 'right to rent' in Scotland – this is a requirement in England only.

If a landlord wants to do a credit check on you or your guarantor, they must obtain written permission to conduct the check and do so at their own expense.

Deposits and fees

If you don't have a UK credit history, you may be asked to pay several months of rent up front. Six months is the maximum amount allowed, but landlords can sometimes be negotiated down to three months.

The typical deposit is the equivalent of one or two months' rent, with two months being the legal maximum. When you move out, the full amount must be returned, though fees can be deducted for damages beyond normal wear and tear, unpaid rent or utilities, or cleaning bills if the home is left dirty.

Leases

There's no fixed length for a private lease in Scotland, so it's indefinite or open ended until either the landlord or tenant ends the lease. Before signing, expats should ensure they fully understand the lease agreement, including its terms and conditions.

Terminating the lease

Scotland's rental laws are favourable to the tenant. You only need to give 28 days' notice to your landlord if you wish to move out before the lease term is up.

Useful links

• Rented Housing – MyGov

Utilities in Edinburgh

Utilities and council tax aren't typically included in the cost of rent and are an extra expense for the tenant. Expats should keep this in mind when budgeting for housing expenses. Before moving in, expats are encouraged to ensure that their utilities, such as water and electricity, are turned on and ready for use. 

Typically, the landlord or letting agent will give the final meter readings to the utility companies, but expats should still remain vigilant and take their own readings when moving in. This helps them avoid being charged for the previous tenant's consumption. 

For more detail, see Setting up Household Utilities in the UK. 

Electricity and gas

There's a wide range of electricity and gas providers to pick from in Edinburgh. Different packages are available, so it's advisable to shop around to find a deal that suits your electricity usage habits. Some providers prioritise carbon-free electricity or have other environmentally friendly initiatives, such as buybacks for excess solar power. Scottish Power and Octopus are two widely used providers.

Solar panels are becoming more common throughout Scotland, as the government provides significant incentives for those who opt in, including grants to cover installation.

Council tax

Council tax is calculated annually and paid for in several payments spread throughout the year. The amount paid covers costs for aspects such as street lighting and road maintenance, as well as rubbish and recycling collection. 

Bins and recycling

Waste in Edinburgh is collected weekly, and the city council offers a directory that tenants can use to determine their specific waste collection day. The city has also introduced a range of different bin sizes to enable recycling in large communal buildings.

Useful links

• City of Edinburgh Council

Expats will have numerous options for private and public healthcare in Edinburgh. Public sector services are provided by the National Health Service (NHS) Scotland. All citizens and residents are eligible for enrolment in this system, funded through deductions from salaries. In short, no payment is required for doctor or hospital visits, though expats on certain visas may be required to pay a yearly NHS along with their visa application fee.

The NHS is generally efficient and provides high-quality care, but waiting times may be long. Upon finding accommodation in Edinburgh, expats will need to register with a local general practitioner. Once registered, they will be given an NHS number.

Private healthcare is also available, though it can be expensive, and the superb standard of complimentary public care leads many expats to forego it. Some expats do choose to use private healthcare to skip the waiting periods characteristic of the public sector. Expats planning to use private healthcare should invest in comprehensive health insurance as costs are high.

In the case of a medical emergency (where someone is seriously ill or injured), call 999. If medical attention or advice is needed in a non-life-threatening instance, 111 can be dialled instead. 

Ambulances called on the national number will take the patient to the nearest NHS hospital. Once the patient has been examined, they may be sent to another hospital specialising in their particular ailment. This may be a public or private hospital, but as long as the initial hospital was an NHS hospital, the NHS will pay for the treatment regardless.

Useful links

• NHS Inform
• Healthcare in the UK

Public hospitals in Edinburgh

Leith Community Treatment Centre

Website: www.nhslothian.scot
Address: 12 Junction Place

Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh 

Website: www.nhslothian.scot
Address: 51 Little France Crescent

Royal Hospital for Children and Young People

Website: www.children.nhslothian.scot
Address: 50 Little France Crescent

Western General Hospital

Website: www.nhslothian.scot
Address: Crewe Road South

Private hospitals in Edinburgh

Nuffield Health General Hospital

Website: www.nuffieldhealth.com
Address: 40 Colinton Road

Spire Murrayfield Hospital

Website: www.spirehealthcare.com
Address: 122 Corstorphine Road

Spire Shawfair Park Hospital

Website: www.spirehealthcare.com
Address: 10 Easter Shawfair

The standard of education and schools in Edinburgh is among the best in Scotland, with the city being regarded as a thriving academic centre. On the whole, the region caters to a wide array of educational needs, from early years education all the way to top-notch further education options. 

Both state (public) and independent (private) schools can be found in Edinburgh. The standard of education will generally be high regardless of the type of institution, but independent schools may have smaller class sizes and better facilities.

State schools in Edinburgh

Edinburgh's schools follow the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence, which divides schooling into two phases. The first phase is a compulsory Broad General Education, beginning at Nursery (age 3 or 4) and continuing through Primary (P1 to P7, age 5 to 11) and three years of Secondary (S1 to S3, age 12 to 15). At age 15, compulsory education is complete. The Senior Phase starts in S4 at age 16 and concludes with S6 at age 18.

State schools in Edinburgh are highly regarded and can be attended free of charge. They operate according to a catchment system. The city is divided into catchment areas, and households are given priority for admission to the school associated with their catchment area. 

Expat parents should note that the school nearest to them might not necessarily be the catchment school for their area. For this reason, it is highly recommended to conduct extensive research into which schools serve which areas before choosing accommodation.

Parents can submit a request to the City of Edinburgh for a school outside their catchment zone, but these requests are considered on a case-by-case basis and may not necessarily be granted.

Useful links

• Schools and Learning – City of Edinburgh Council

Independent schools in Edinburgh

Independent schools in Edinburgh aren't funded by taxpayer money or government agencies. Even though the state-sponsored school system in Edinburgh is commendable, expat parents may prefer to send their children to tuition-based schools, as these usually have fewer students per class, better facilities, and a wider range of extracurricular activities.

These schools can fill up fast, but admission is not necessarily limited to a specific period, so expat parents can try to gain entrance for their child at various points in the school year. Sometimes, children must pass an examination or sit for an interview to satisfy admission requirements.

Useful links

• Independent Schools in Edinburgh – Independent Schools Council

International schools in Edinburgh

While there aren't any schools in Scotland specifically catering to foreign students from particular countries, a few schools offer the International Baccalaureate (IB), including one school in Edinburgh: Fettes College. 

The IB is an ideal choice for many expat families, as it's standardised across more than 5,000 schools worldwide. It's considered a global qualification and is accepted by universities worldwide.

Useful links

• Fettes College

Special educational needs in Edinburgh

The City of Edinburgh Council offers additional learning support to any student requiring assistance. The council evaluates the individual needs of children, which may range from disabilities and difficult home situations to assistance of English as an additional language. The latter is particularly useful for expat families from a non-English-speaking country whose children are still learning the language.

Useful links

• Special Schools Directory – City of Edinburgh Council

Tutors in Edinburgh

Tutors can be helpful for expat families in many situations. Children from abroad may need a little help catching up with the local curriculum or could benefit from extra tutoring in English if they're new to it. Parents worried about children losing their mother-tongue language skills while in Scotland should consider hiring a tutor who is a fellow native speaker and can help maintain fluency.

There's a wide variety of tutoring companies to choose from, with some of the most popular being Tutor House, Superprof, and Tavistock Tutors.

Useful links

• Tutor House
• Superprof
• Tavistock Tutors

Once expats have settled into their new home, they'll soon discover that their lifestyle in Edinburgh, and perhaps even their moods, will quickly become weather dependent. 

As a city intertwined with the surrounding landscape and its residents fond of outdoor space, Edinburgh is active and inspiring during the summer months. Whether absorbing the creative energy that flourishes during the city's internationally recognised festivals or simply enjoying a classic picnic in the Princes Street Gardens, there is plenty of opportunity to be active and engaged.

On the other hand, once the winter winds blow in, expats will find their lifestyle in Edinburgh may change tremendously. During this time, rather than burying themselves in their cosy homes, expats should make an effort to seek out the many recreational facilities and indoor cultural opportunities that abound in the city.

Shopping in Edinburgh

Edinburgh has some fantastic shopping options, mostly along Princes Street and George Street, where newcomers will find all their favourite UK chain stores.

Boutiques and independent stores offering a slightly quirkier selection can be found around the West End, while Victoria Street and Grassmarket are full of bookshops, arts and crafts stores, and specialist food retailers.

The Royal Mile is perfect for scouting souvenirs and gifts. The luxury shopper can head to Multrees Walk in New Town.

Eating out in Edinburgh

Edinburgh has become one of the UK's top foodie destinations, boasting a large and diverse selection of restaurants. The options are endless – be it traditional Scottish fare in a cosy pub, seafood along the docks, or international cuisine at one of the many unique neighbourhood cafés and bistros.

With a handful of Michelin-starred establishments and numerous celebrity chefs in residence, the Scottish capital also offers expats some truly innovative and imaginative fine dining options.

Nightlife and entertainment in Edinburgh

In a city of countless watering holes, expats will soon discover how intoxicating the Edinburgh nightlife can be. Pubs are at the heart of the city’s social culture. From a wild night of pub crawls and clubbing, to a mellow evening at the theatre or comedy club, Edinburgh has something for everyone.

The cobbled streets of Old Town offer a huge selection of lively bars and pubs, with a wealth of options around Grassmarket and Victoria Street, and some cheerful choices surrounding the university. Several dedicated live music venues can be found in Cowgate, and the area around the George IV Bridge is a great place to go for cocktails.

New Town is home to some of the city’s best bars and nightclubs, particularly along the upmarket George Street, and Leith has become a trendy hangout boasting numerous restaurants and bars.

Where to meet people and make friends

Making friends can be difficult for newly arrived expats. Parents usually have the advantage of meeting other parents through their children's school, or during other family activities, but other expats may have to seek other avenues for meeting new people.

Below are a few clubs that may offer expats in Edinburgh an opportunity to meet people.

The Scottish Arts Club

Arty expats looking to meet up with like-minded people should look no further than The Scottish Arts Club. The club has a full calendar of exhibitions in various galleries around the city, musical events, as well as a selection of workshops and art classes.

Jog Scotland

Expats looking to stay active will find a great community in Jog Scotland. With outdoor trails and city loops, Edinburgh is a runner's dream. Seasoned runners and beginners alike are welcome and can sign up for a jogging session whenever they like. The club hosts many events besides running, and expats are sure to build relationships with fellow runners.

The National Library of Scotland in Edinburgh

Bookworms needn't fret, as they'll have a haven in Edinburgh too. Literary-loving expats can link up with other bibliophiles at the National Library of Scotland in Edinburgh, which regularly hosts book fairs, reading sessions and workshops – all great opportunities to meet people. Expats can also learn about other book clubs in the city via the library.

Edinburgh is a beautiful and historic city full of exciting nooks and crannies to explore and spectacular annual events to enjoy. The city is also well connected to the rest of the UK, making day trips to other parts of scenic Scotland, England and Wales eminently accessible. 

Here are some of Edinburgh's best offerings of things to see and do. 

Recommended attractions in Edinburgh

Edinburgh Castle

This old and magnificent fortress was once home to kings and queens, and was involved in numerous historic conflicts. A centre point of the city, the castle deserves an afternoon for a full tour – and expats shouldn't forget to take a moment to admire the magnificent view of Edinburgh from outside the castle.

Palace of Holyroodhouse

The Royal Family’s official residence in Scotland, this stunning property is situated at the foot of Arthur’s Seat amid Holyrood Park. Tours are available all year round (except when the Royal Family is in residence, usually one week per year). Highlights include the Throne Room, the Great Gallery, the Royal Dining Room, and the personal chambers of Mary Queen of Scots.

The Royal Mile

Running from Edinburgh Castle through to Holyrood Palace, The Royal Mile is a favourite tourist spot. Lining the streets of The Royal Mile is an eclectic mix of tourist shops, pubs, and historical attractions.

Arthur’s Seat

After the legendary castle, Edinburgh’s second most notable landmark is Arthur’s Seat, an extinct volcano that forms the main peak of the group of hills forming Holyrood Park. The climb to the top takes an hour or two, and the effort is richly rewarded with stunning panoramic views of the city and beyond.

Royal Botanic Garden

Set in the beautiful Inverleith area, the Royal Botanic Garden offers visitors the chance to stroll through beautifully manicured gardens, explore contemporary art exhibits, and learn about the garden's active research projects.

Mary King’s Close

The subject of many spine-tingling myths and legends, these underground alleyways are well worth visiting. Embark on a tour led by an in-character guide for a fascinating look into the lives of the residents over the Close's several hundred years of history.

Edinburgh is a beautiful city, rich with history and brimming with great places for expats to visit and explore. The city itself is quite compact, so it's relatively easy to get around on foot or bike. Do bear in mind though, it is quite hilly and many of the streets in the city centre have cobblestones which make cycling rather challenging.

Those who try to tackle the gradients will be rewarded with magnificent views all around. The city centre, aside from the rugged cobbled terrain, is certainly bicycle-friendly. Otherwise, bus and train services make getting around Edinburgh and surrounds easy and efficient.

Public transport in Edinburgh

Trains

Though buses are the most common form of public transport in Edinburgh, there is also a train system. This is mostly used for intercity travel, linking Edinburgh with cities such as Aberdeen, Glasgow, and London. The main train station is Edinburgh Waverly. There is also a small commuter rail network that runs from east to west.

Trams

The tram in Edinburgh has a single route of 15 stops from the town centre to Edinburgh Airport. It leaves every five to eight minutes from Monday to Saturday. The service is less frequent on Sundays, with trams leaving every 12 to 15 minutes. 

Useful links

• For information on bus schedules and routes, see Lothian Buses and First. 
• ScotRail has more on train fares, routes, and schedules. 
• Edinburgh Trams has more on the tram system. 

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Taxis in Edinburgh

Edinburgh has hundreds of black cabs that can be hailed on the street or booked in advance. Travelling by taxi is quite expensive and probably not necessary when surrounded by a network of buses in the city centre. 

Ride-hailing applications such as Uber are also operational in Edinburgh, which may be a cheaper option.

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Driving in Edinburgh

Owning a car in Edinburgh isn't necessary, and in some cases even cumbersome. Apart from the advantages of cheaper alternatives such as travelling by foot in this compact city or using the extensive bus service, there are also drawbacks to owning a car. These include parking tariffs (the city centre has several no-park zones, where the only alternative is using pricey parking garages), traffic, and other car-related costs such as insurance, maintenance, and fuel.

Expats who do wish to drive can do so legally for up to 12 months on a valid foreign licence. At this point, the foreign licence will need to be exchanged for a local licence. Nationals of EU and EEA countries can continue to drive using their foreign licence until it expires.

Read Transport and Driving in the UK to learn more about securing a local driving licence.